# Robotics needs healthy hardware and manufacturing ecosystems

Markdown copy of https://realalpha.app/s/robotics-needs-healthy-hardware-and-manufacturing-ecosystems/ on Real Alpha, the best minutes from long interviews with the people building AI. Cite and link the page, not this copy.

- Speaker: [Sergey Levine](https://realalpha.app/builders/sergey-levine/) · Sergey Levine is cofounder of Physical Intelligence and robotics researcher. · Co-founded Physical Intelligence, building a foundation model to bring general-purpose AI into the physical world.
- Host: [Ryan Peterman](https://realalpha.app/people/ryan-peterman/) · Host, The Peterman Pod · Went from new grad to staff engineer at Instagram in three years.
- Show: The Peterman Pod
- Episode: [Sergey Levine: Humanoid Robotics Results, Chinese Labs & Future Timelines](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/), Aug 24, 2026
- Moment: 10:19 to 13:16 of the episode (3 min), playing on https://realalpha.app/s/robotics-needs-healthy-hardware-and-manufacturing-ecosystems/; the episode from there: https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=619

## Quote

> “And right now, I mean, certainly for hardware used for robotics research, a lot of that **does come from China**.”
> — [Sergey Levine](https://realalpha.app/builders/sergey-levine/) at [12:42](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=762) · The Peterman Pod

## Takeaways

1. Robotics depends on manufacturing, supply chains and hardware R&D too.
2. US robotics research hardware often comes from China.
3. Levine says domestic sourcing is possible with ecosystem investment.

## About this segment

Sergey Levine says robotics progress depends on supply chains, manufacturing and hardware R&D, not just strong ML labs. He notes US research hardware often comes from China and says domestic sourcing is possible.

From “Sergey Levine: Humanoid Robotics Results, Chinese Labs & Future Timelines”, Aug 24, 2026. [Watch the full episode](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/)

## Transcript

Transcribed by machine (Whisper) from the episode’s audio, so a word may be off here and there.

[10:22](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=622) As a bystander, I see on Twitter, these really impressive demonstrations of Chinese robotics, It almost feels like they're ahead in some sense, but I don't have that deep domain expertise. And so I was curious your thoughts on, you know, what do you think of China's robotics and, you know, are they further along? I think that one thing that is very useful and constructive for us to do, those of us that work on these things in the United States and in Europe, is to ask, what is the lesson to learn?

[11:01](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=661) And to me, one lesson is that it's important to have a healthy ecosystem. And ecosystem means that there should be, you know, obviously good researchers, good engineers working on these things. There should be like healthy open source. But it also means that the different industries that contribute to robotics need to individually be very healthy. And those industries are not just the computer science, ML, and model building stuff.

[11:33](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=693) It's also supply chains, manufacturing, hardware, R&D. These are all very important things. And aspects of those things are things that the United States does quite well. Other aspects of them are things where the United States has sort of let things go a little bit. And I think that what we should do is we should look at what's going on in the world, look at some of the excellent results. that Chinese labs are doing, that labs in other countries are doing, and we should take away that lesson that we should strive to build a healthier ecosystem. And that means investing in all the different facets that contribute to this. So, you know, I'm not like, I'm not much of a business person. I'm not much of an investment person. So I don't, I can't claim to know how to do this, but I think that it's important to sort of fully embrace that this is like a holistic thing and

[12:22](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=742) not something where we can do just like one piece of it and like outsource everything else, basically. Of all that, the pieces of the ecosystem, are there parts of it as a robotics researcher in the U.S.? If it was better, that would have the biggest impact on the advancement of robotics? Yeah, I think certainly availability of reliable, low-cost hardware is a big deal. And right now, I mean, certainly for hardware used for robotics research, a lot of that does come from China.

[12:51](https://realalpha.app/v/9OSbaPjv0Rc/?t=771) And it's good. It's relatively inexpensive. It's of high quality. and meets the standards that people generally need. But it would be awfully nice to be able to source all that domestically as well. And I don't think there's anything impossible about that. I think it's just a matter of sort of embracing the fact that that entire ecosystem needs to be supported rather than just one piece of it.